A secure browser that protects your privacy is a critical tool for staying safe online and keeping your data secure from third parties. And using “private” or “incognito” browsing will not protect you. Your IP address will remain exposed and various third parties can still track all of your activities. And even legal action may not protect you. In May of 2025, Texas secured a $1.375 settlement with Google related to Incognito mode and Google's data collection practices.
But don't panic. Effective solutions and tools exist to deal with these problems and we cover them in detail in this article. In this guide to secure browsers, we're going to explain the following topics:
- Finding secure browsers that respect your privacy
- Problems with mainstream browsers
- Browser privacy compartmentalization
- Add-ons for secure browsers
- Why you need to pair a VPN with most secure browsers
Finding secure browsers that protect your privacy
In this section we will examine the best browsers based on two main factors:
- Security: How well does the browser protect you from hackers, vulnerabilities, and online exploits?
- Privacy: How much data is the browser itself collecting about you and who is it being shared with? How does the browser protect your privacy?
Conflicting opinions! Just like with Tor, opinions about browser privacy and security can be wildly divergent and contentious.
This guide is not meant to sell you on one browser that beats all others. Rather, it is a summary of information about different web browsers that do well with both privacy and security. Choose the best browser for you based on your own unique needs and threat model. We have divided our recommended secure browsers into 2 groups: those that support desktop and mobile apps, and those that are desktop only.
Recommended browsers with desktop and mobile device support
Here are our recommendations for secure browsers that include both desktop and mobile device support. They are arranged in alphabetical order:
Brave
Brave browser is a Chromium-based browser developed by Brave Software, co-founded by Brendan Eich. It stands out for its unique focus on privacy, security, and speed, offering robust out-of-the-box protections and innovative features that set it apart from other browsers.
Brave supports Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android.
Features:
- Ad and Tracker Blocking: Brave’s Shield blocks ads, trackers, and cryptomining scripts using EasyList, reducing malicious ad exposure.
- Anti-Fingerprinting: Randomizes browser identifiers (e.g., canvas, fonts), scoring high on EFF’s Cover Your Tracks test.
- HTTPS Everywhere: Upgrades connections to secure HTTPS, minimizing man-in-the-middle risks.
- Script Blocking: Blocks harmful scripts, with per-site customization.
- Tor Integration: Private browsing mode with Tor enables anonymous browsing and dark web access.
- Cookie Consent Blocker: Auto-dismisses cookie pop-ups for streamlined privacy.
- Third-Party Storage Blocking: Prevents trackers from storing data.
- Frequent Updates: Receives Chromium-based security patches every 1-2 weeks.
- Brave Wallet: Built-in crypto wallet for secure Web3 transactions.
- Brave Search: Privacy-focused default search engine with an AI-powered Summarizer (added 2023).
Pros:
- Privacy by Default: Brave’s aggressive blocking and Tor integration make it one of the most private mainstream browsers, ideal for users who want security without tinkering.
- Performance: Faster than Chrome due to ad/tracker blocking, with low RAM usage and tab suspension for efficiency.
- Chrome Extension Support: Access to Chrome Web Store extensions allows customization with trusted tools like uBlock Origin.
- Innovative Features: Brave News (RSS reader), Brave Wallet, and Brave Search enhance functionality without compromising privacy.
- Transparent Business Model: Brave’s opt-in ads program (Brave Rewards) pays users in Basic Attention Tokens (BAT) for viewing non-invasive ads, funding development without data exploitation. Ads are privacy-respecting, with no personal data shared.
Cons:
- Ads Controversy: Some criticize Brave’s opt-in ads as contradictory to its privacy ethos, though users can disable them entirely.
- Tor Limitations: Tor mode is slower and less anonymous than the standalone Tor Browser due to fewer relays and potential exit node risks.
- Compatibility Issues: Strict blocking can break some websites, requiring users to adjust Shield settings.
- Learning Curve: While user-friendly, advanced features like Brave Wallet or Tor may confuse non-technical users.
- Closed-Source Elements: While Brave’s core is open-source (Chromium), some components (e.g., ad system) are proprietary, limiting full community audits.
https://brave.com
DuckDuckGo browser
DuckDuckGo Browser, developed by DuckDuckGo, is a privacy-focused browser built on WebKit (not Chromium). DuckDuckGo launched in 2008 and has since expanded into browser add-ons and mobile apps, emphasizing privacy features and secure browsing. Launched to prioritize user privacy, it offers strong default protections and fast performance, competing with mainstream browsers.
DuckDuckGo browser supports Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android.
Features
- Tracker Blocking: Global Privacy Control (GPC) and blocklists stop trackers, ads, and cryptomining scripts.
- Smarter Encryption: Forces HTTPS connections via proprietary technology, reducing man-in-the-middle risks.
- Anti-Fingerprinting: Randomizes browser identifiers (e.g., canvas, fonts) to resist fingerprinting.
- Cookie Pop-Up Reduction: Auto-manages cookie consent prompts for seamless browsing.
- Private Browsing: Deletes cookies, history, and cache after sessions by default.
- Data Clearing: One-tap “Fire Button” wipes browsing data instantly.
- DuckDuckGo Search: Integrates privacy-focused search, avoiding Google’s tracking.
- WebRTC Blocking : Disables WebRTC to prevent IP leaks.
- Frequent Updates: Patches vulnerabilities regularly, aligning with WebKit updates.
- App Tracking Protection: Blocks app trackers on Android (beta feature).
Pros
- Privacy by Default: Strong protections without configuration.
- Fast Performance: Lightweight, with low resource usage.
- Cross-Platform: Available on macOS, iOS, Android.
- Transparent Updates: Addressed Microsoft tracker issue (blocked since 2022).
- No Data Monetization: DuckDuckGo’s ad model avoids user profiling.
Cons
- Limited Customization: Fewer extension options than Firefox or Chromium-based browsers.
- WebKit Base: Less website compatibility than Chromium browsers.
- No Desktop Extensions: Lacks support for add-ons on macOS.
- Learning Curve: Some features (e.g., App Tracking Protection) are in beta or platform-specific.
Additional Notes: Pairing with a VPN enhances privacy. Mobile version is available on both the Google Play and Apple stores.
https://www.duckduckgo.com
Firefox
Mozilla Firefox, developed by the nonprofit Mozilla Corporation, is an open-source browser excelling in privacy, security, and customization. Compared to other browsers, Firefox offers advanced privacy and security features that set it apart. Fast and lightweight, it offers robust protections and frequent updates, making it a trusted choice for privacy-focused users.
Out of the box, Mozilla Firefox is not the best for privacy, but it can be customized and hardened, and we show you exactly how in our Firefox privacy modifications guide. Be sure to disable Firefox telemetry which collects “technical and interaction data” and also “install and run studies” within your browser.
Firefox supports Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android.
Features
- Total Cookie Protection: Isolates cookies per site to prevent cross-site tracking.
- Enhanced Tracking Protection: Blocks trackers, ads, and cryptomining scripts with Standard, Strict, or Custom modes.
- HTTPS-Only Mode: Forces secure HTTPS connections to reduce man-in-the-middle risks.
- Anti-Fingerprinting: Limits identifiable data (e.g., canvas, fonts) to mitigate fingerprinting.
- DNS over HTTPS (DoH): Encrypts DNS queries to prevent ISP snooping (default in some regions).
- Site Isolation: Separates website processes to limit cross-site data leaks.
- Frequent Updates: Delivers security patches every 4-6 weeks, addressing vulnerabilities.
- Password Manager: Stores credentials securely using OS-level encryption.
- Private Browsing: Clears cookies, history, and cache after sessions, with tracking protection.
- Firefox Monitor: Alerts users to data breaches involving their email.
- Extension Support: Supports thousands of add-ons (e.g., uBlock Origin, Privacy Badger).
- Firefox View: Simplifies access to recent sites across devices.
Pros
- Open-Source: Audited code ensures transparency and trust.
- Privacy Customization: Flexible settings for varied privacy needs.
- Nonprofit Backing: Mozilla’s mission avoids data monetization.
- Performance: Lightweight with low RAM usage and tab suspension.
- Cross-Platform: Consistent features on Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, Linux.
Cons
- Manual Configuration: Telemetry and some tracking require manual disabling.
- Slower Updates: Less frequent than Chrome’s near-daily patches.
- Compatibility: Strict settings may break websites, needing tweaks.
- Learning Curve: Advanced privacy settings require technical know-how.
- Extension Risks: Poorly vetted add-ons can introduce vulnerabilities.
Additional Notes: Firefox Extended Support Release (ESR) supports legacy add-ons. Firefox Focus offers streamlined privacy for Android and iOS. For additional customization and privacy settings, check out our Firefox privacy guide.
https://www.firefox.com
Opera
Opera, a Chromium-based browser founded in 1995 by Opera Software in Norway, is a feature-rich, privacy-focused platform emphasizing speed and innovation. Independently operated under strict GDPR compliance, it’s built on Google’s open-source Chromium engine, offering a secure and customizable experience for users seeking a modern browsing alternative. Opera includes features designed to protect users from online threats, such as blocking malicious websites and filtering content on each page to enhance security.
Opera supports Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS.
Features
- Built-in VPN: Encrypts browser traffic, masking IP addresses for browsing in private.
- Ad and Tracker Blocking: Blocks ads, trackers, and cryptomining scripts via NoCoin filter.
- HTTPS Enforcement: Forces secure connections to reduce man-in-the-middle risks.
- Anti-Fingerprinting: Limits identifiable data (e.g., canvas, fonts) to resist tracking.
- Frequent Updates: Patches vulnerabilities every 4-5 weeks, syncing with Chromium (latest: Opera One R2, August 2025).
- Aria AI: Built-in GPT-based AI for secure web queries and image generation.
- Tab Islands: Groups tabs for organized, secure browsing.
- WebRTC Blocking: Prevents IP leaks, enhancing VPN use.
- Private Browsing: Clears cookies, history, and cache after sessions.
- Site Permissions: Granular control over camera, microphone, and location access.
Pros
- Privacy by Default: VPN and ad blocker ensure strong out-of-the-box protection.
- Performance: Lightweight, with battery-saver mode and fast rendering.
- Innovative Features: Tab Footprints, Split Screen, and pop-out video enhance usability.
- Cross-Platform: Supports Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS.
- GDPR Compliance: Operates under strict European privacy laws from Norway.
Cons
- Limited VPN Scope: Protects only browser traffic, not device-wide.
- Data Collection: Optional analytics cookies require manual opt-out.
- Compatibility: Niche status may cause minor website issues.
- Learning Curve: Advanced features like Aria AI may confuse beginners.
- Smaller Team: Slower response to vulnerabilities than Chrome.
Additional Notes: Opera’s European servers and no-log VPN policy enhance trust. Pair with a premium VPN for full-device protection. Ideal for users valuing speed, privacy, and unique features.
https://www.opera.com
Tor browser
Tor Browser, a hardened Firefox fork developed by the nonprofit Tor Project, is designed for maximum anonymity by routing traffic through the Tor network. It prioritizes privacy and security, making it ideal for users needing protection from surveillance or censorship, though it sacrifices speed and convenience.
Tor browser supports Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.
Features
- Onion Routing: Routes traffic through three encrypted relays (entry, middle, exit) to anonymize IP addresses.
- NoScript Integration: Blocks all scripts by default, preventing malicious code execution.
- Anti-Fingerprinting: Standardizes browser identifiers (e.g., canvas, fonts) to resist fingerprinting.
- HTTPS-Only Mode: Enforces secure HTTPS connections to reduce man-in-the-middle risks.
- WebRTC Blocking: Disables WebRTC to prevent IP leaks.
- Total Cookie Protection: Isolates cookies per site to block tracking.
- Private Browsing: Clears cookies, history, and cache after sessions.
- Frequent Updates: Patches vulnerabilities every 4-6 weeks, based on Firefox ESR.
- Letterboxing: Pads window sizes to uniform dimensions, reducing fingerprinting.
- Tor Network: Enables dark web access and circumvents censorship.
Pros
- Unmatched Anonymity: Triple-hop encryption ensures near-complete privacy.
- Open-Source: Audited code enhances trust.
- Censorship Resistance: Bypasses geo-restrictions and firewalls.
- Nonprofit Backing: Tor Project’s mission avoids data monetization.
- Cross-Platform: Available on Windows, macOS, Linux, Android.
Cons
- Slow Performance: Multi-hop routing causes high latency and low speeds.
- Compatibility Issues: Script blocking and Tor IP bans break many websites.
- Malicious Exit Nodes: Unencrypted exit traffic can be intercepted by rogue nodes.
- Learning Curve: Requires understanding of Tor’s limitations for safe use.
- Funding Concerns: Partial U.S. government funding raises trust issues for some.
Additional Notes: Tor Browser is not suited for daily browsing due to speed and compatibility issues. For enhanced security, avoid logging into personal accounts or disabling NoScript carelessly. Be careful when adjusting the settings for the Tor browser, as this may compromise the browser's built-in privacy and security features.
https://www.torproject.org/
Ungoogled Chromium browser
Ungoogled Chromium, a community-driven Chromium fork launched in 2015, removes Google services to prioritize privacy and user control. Built on Chromium’s open-source core, it retains speed and compatibility while offering enhanced security for privacy-conscious users.
Supports Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android (via third-party builds).
Features
- Tracker Blocking: Disables Google telemetry, ads, and third-party trackers by default.
- Anti-Fingerprinting: Randomizes identifiers (e.g., canvas, fonts, UA string) to resist tracking.
- WebRTC Blocking: Prevents IP leaks, ensuring VPN compatibility.
- HTTPS Enforcement: Forces secure connections to reduce man-in-the-middle risks.
- Private Browsing: Clears cookies, history, and cache after sessions.
- No Google Services: Removes Safe Browsing, autofill, and other Google APIs to eliminate data sharing.
- Content Security Policy (CSP): Restricts malicious scripts and cross-site attacks.
- Frequent Updates: Patches vulnerabilities every 4-6 weeks, syncing with Chromium.
- Extension Support: Compatible with Chrome Web Store add-ons (e.g., uBlock Origin).
- Reproducible Builds: Auditable builds ensure code integrity.
Pros
- Open-Source: Fully auditable, transparent code.
- Privacy-Focused: No Google telemetry or data collection.
- Performance: Lightweight, matching Chromium’s speed.
- Customizable: Extensive control via flags and extensions.
Cons
- Manual Updates: No auto-update system; you must install updates manually.
- No Mobile Support: Official builds exclude iOS; Android relies on third-party APKs.
- Compatibility Issues: Removing Google services may break some websites.
- Technical Setup: Requires manual configuration for optimal privacy.
- Small Team: Community-driven, potentially slowing fixes.
Additional Notes: Ungoogled Chromium is ideal for tech-savvy users seeking a Google-free Chromium experience. Pair with a VPN and add-ons like uBlock Origin for maximum security. Less user-friendly than Brave but highly private.
https://github.com/ungoogled-software/ungoogled-chromium
Vivaldi browser
Vivaldi, a Chromium-based browser launched in 2016 by Vivaldi Technologies in Norway, was founded by former Opera developers. It emphasizes customization, privacy, and productivity, offering a feature-rich experience for tech-savvy users seeking a secure alternative to mainstream browsers.
Vivaldi supports Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android.
Features
- Tracker Blocking: Uses DuckDuckGo’s blocklist to stop ads, trackers, and cryptomining scripts.
- Anti-Fingerprinting: Limits identifiable data (e.g., battery API, minimal UA string) to resist tracking.
- HTTPS Enforcement: Forces secure connections to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.
- WebRTC Blocking: Optional disablement prevents IP leaks for VPN users.
- Private Browsing: Clears cookies, history, and cache after sessions, with separate search engine options.
- Frequent Updates: Patches vulnerabilities every 1-2 weeks via Chromium (latest: v7.5, August 2025).
- End-to-End Sync: Encrypts bookmarks, passwords, and notes on-device, stored in Iceland.
- Proton VPN Integration: Enables seamless login via Vivaldi.net accounts.
- Cookie Management: Blocks third-party cookies and auto-deletes session data.
- Password Manager: Uses OS-level encryption for secure credential storage.
Pros
- Open-Source Core: Chromium base is auditable, ensuring transparency.
- Customization: Extensive tab management (e.g., Tab Stacks, hibernation), themes, and mouse gestures.
- Privacy-Focused: No user profiling; GDPR-compliant in Norway.
- Productivity Tools: Built-in email client, calendar, notes, and RSS reader.
Cons
- Metadata Collection: Sends anonymized user ID, device info daily to servers.
- Closed-Source UI: Limits full code auditing.
- No Built-in VPN: Relies on external VPNs for IP masking.
- Complexity: Customization may overwhelm casual users.
- Google Dependencies: Safe Browsing and autofill share minimal data, though disableable.
Additional Notes: Vivaldi’s privacy settings and Proton VPN integration make it a strong choice for secure browsing. Ideal if you value customization and privacy over simplicity.
https://vivaldi.com/
Waterfox
Waterfox, a Firefox fork founded by Alex Kontos in 2011, is an open-source browser emphasizing speed, privacy, and legacy extension support. It offers various features for privacy, speed, and customization, making it appealing to users who value a safer and more user-centric browsing experience. Independent since July 2023 after a stint with System1, it’s built on Mozilla’s Gecko engine for users seeking a customizable, privacy-focused alternative.
Waterfox supports Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.
Features
- Tracker Blocking: Disables Mozilla’s telemetry and Pocket by default, reducing data collection.
- Enhanced Tracking Protection: Offers Standard, Strict, or Custom modes to block trackers and ads.
- HTTPS-Only Mode: Enforces secure HTTPS connections to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.
- Anti-Fingerprinting: Limits identifiable data (e.g., canvas, fonts) to resist fingerprinting.
- Frequent Updates: Patches vulnerabilities every 4-6 weeks via Firefox ESR.
- Private Browsing: Clears cookies, history, and cache after sessions.
- Extension Support: Compatible with Firefox, Chrome, and Opera add-ons (e.g., uBlock Origin).
- Waterfox Private Search: Privacy-focused search engine (open beta, 2025).
- Tree Style Tab: Native sidebar with tab previews for enhanced management.
- Site Isolation: Separates website processes to limit data leaks.
Pros
- Open-Source: Audited code ensures transparency.
- Legacy Support: Waterfox Classic supports XUL/XPCOM add-ons dropped by Firefox.
- Performance: Lightweight, optimized for speed.
Cons
- Slower Updates: Less frequent than Chrome’s near-daily patches.
- Compatibility: Strict settings or legacy focus may break modern websites.
- Single Developer Risk: Historically reliant on one maintainer, though team expanded.
- Limited Mobile Development: Android support lags behind desktop.
Additional Notes: Waterfox balances privacy and usability but requires manual tweaks (e.g., uBlock Origin) for optimal protection.
https://www.waterfox.net
Desktop-only recommended browsers
Here are browsers we can recommend that do not provide mobile device support.
Iridium
Iridium Browser, a Chromium-based fork developed by Open Source Business Alliance, prioritizes user privacy with hardened default settings. Launched to enhance security over mainstream browsers, it’s designed for privacy-conscious users but lacks mobile support. However, finding accurate information about Iridium's features and security can be challenging due to limited documentation and independent reviews.
Iridium is only available as source-code tarballs and does not support any mobile devices.
Features
- Tracker Blocking: Disables telemetry, ads, and third-party requests by default.
- Anti-Fingerprinting: Standardizes browser identifiers (e.g., canvas, fonts, user agent) to resist tracking.
- WebRTC Blocking: Prevents IP leaks for VPN compatibility.
- HTTPS Enforcement: Forces secure connections to reduce man-in-the-middle risks.
- Private Browsing: Clears cookies, history, and cache after sessions.
- Reproducible Builds: Auditable, verifiable builds ensure code integrity.
- No Auto-Transmission: Blocks partial queries, keywords, and metrics to external services.
- Content Security Policy (CSP): Restricts malicious scripts and cross-site attacks.
- Frequent Updates: Patches vulnerabilities every 4-6 weeks, syncing with Chromium (latest: v2025.07, July 2025).
- Extension Support: Compatible with Chrome Web Store add-ons (e.g., uBlock Origin).
Pros
- Open-Source: Audited, reproducible code ensures transparency.
- Privacy by Default: Hardened settings minimize configuration needs.
- Lightweight: Low resource usage, optimized for performance.
- No Data Collection: Avoids telemetry and profiling.
- Cross-Platform: Supports Windows, macOS, Linux.
Cons
- Source-Code Only: Available only as source-code, requiring compilation and technical expertise.
- No Mobile Support: Lacks Android or iOS versions, limiting accessibility.
- Small User Base: Niche status may cause website compatibility issues.
- Slower Updates: Lags behind Chrome’s near-daily patches.
- Limited Community: Smaller development team may delay fixes.
- Minimal Documentation: Sparse setup guides for non-technical users.
Additional Notes: Iridium is safe for privacy-focused desktop browsing. Best for tech-savvy users valuing auditable builds.
https://iridiumbrowser.de
LibreWolf
LibreWolf, a community-driven Firefox fork launched in 2021, prioritizes privacy, security, and user freedom. Built on Mozilla’s Gecko engine, it removes telemetry and proprietary code, offering a hardened alternative for privacy-conscious users.
Supports Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Features
- Tracker Blocking: Integrates uBlock Origin to block ads, trackers, and cryptomining scripts by default.
- Anti-Fingerprinting: Randomizes identifiers (e.g., canvas, fonts, resistFingerprinting) to prevent tracking.
- WebRTC Blocking: Disables WebRTC to avoid IP leaks.
- HTTPS-Only Mode: Enforces secure connections to reduce man-in-the-middle risks.
- Total Cookie Protection: Isolates cookies per site to block cross-site tracking.
- Private Browsing: Clears cookies, history, and cache after sessions.
- Frequent Updates: Syncs with Firefox ESR, patched every 4-6 weeks.
- No Telemetry: Removes Mozilla’s data collection and Pocket integration.
- Letterboxing: Pads window sizes to resist fingerprinting.
- Extension Support: Compatible with Firefox add-ons (e.g., Privacy Badger).
Pros
- Open-Source: Fully auditable, transparent code.
- Privacy by Default: Hardened settings eliminate configuration needs.
- Lightweight: Low resource usage, optimized for speed.
- Community-Driven: Active development ensures reliability.
Cons
- No Mobile Support: Lacks Android or iOS versions.
- Compatibility Issues: Strict blocking may break JavaScript-heavy sites.
- Manual Updates: No auto-update on some Linux distros.
- Small Team: Community-driven, potentially slowing fixes.
- Learning Curve: Advanced settings may challenge beginners.
Additional Notes: LibreWolf is ideal for desktop users seeking Firefox’s privacy without telemetry. Pair with a VPN for enhanced security. Less user-friendly than Brave.
https://librewolf.net/
Mullvad Browser
Mullvad Browser, a Firefox-based collaboration between Mullvad VPN and the Tor Project, is designed to enhance online privacy by adapting Tor Browser’s protections for use with a VPN instead of the Tor network. Launched in 2023, it’s designed for users seeking robust privacy without Tor’s complexity or speed limitations.
Compared to other browsers, Mullvad Browser offers stronger privacy protections by minimizing tracking and data collection, making it a top choice for users concerned about online privacy.
Mullvad browser supports Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Features
- Tracker Blocking: Uses uBlock Origin to block ads, trackers, and cryptomining scripts by default.
- Anti-Fingerprinting: Standardizes fingerprints (e.g., UTC timezone, masked system memory, CPU cores, keyboard layout) to blend users into a crowd.
- Private Browsing Mode: Deletes cookies, history, and cache after sessions, enabled by default.
- Letterboxing: Pads window sizes to uniform dimensions, reducing fingerprinting.
- HTTPS-Only Mode: Enforces secure HTTPS connections to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.
- Third-Party Cookie Blocking: Prevents cross-site tracking.
- NoScript Elements: Limits script execution to minimize malicious code risks.
- Frequent Updates: Patches vulnerabilities every 4-6 weeks via Firefox ESR.
- VPN Integration: Optimized for use with trusted VPNs (e.g., Mullvad, NordVPN) to mask IP addresses.
- DNS over HTTPS (DoH): Available but requires manual enabling to encrypt DNS queries.
Pros
- Open-Source: Audited code ensures transparency and trust.
- Strong Privacy: Tor-derived protections without extensions, ideal for non-technical users.
- VPN Compatibility: Works with any trusted VPN, offering faster speeds than Tor.
- No Data Monetization: Mullvad’s VPN-funded model avoids user data exploitation.
Cons
- No Built-in VPN: Requires a separate VPN for IP masking, adding cost or complexity.
- Fingerprinting Issues: Some tests (e.g., EFF’s Cover Your Tracks) report unique fingerprints, suggesting room for improvement.
- DoH Not Default: Manual configuration needed for DNS encryption.
- Compatibility: Strict blocking may break websites, requiring setting adjustments.
- Slower Updates: Less frequent than Chrome’s near-daily patches.
Additional Notes: Mullvad Browser suits users wanting Tor-like privacy with VPN speeds. For maximum anonymity, Tor Browser remains superior, but Mullvad offers a practical alternative for clearnet browsing.
This browser collaboration definitely has potential. To learn more about it, check out our recent article on this Mullvad – Tor project.
https://mullvad.net/en/browser
Issues with mainstream browsers
While the major mainstream browsers tend to be secure against external threats, they might not provide adequate protection against online threats.
Google Chrome
Google Chrome is by far the most popular browser. Unfortunately, it's a data collection tool as well and not a good choice for anyone looking for privacy.
You can safely assume that everything you do through Google Chrome is collected, saved to your data profile, and used for targeted advertising.
Microsoft Edge
Just like Windows, it's a good idea to avoid Microsoft Edge if possible. It is closed source, so there's no telling what's going on behind the scenes. Edge also collects mandatory diagnostic data, even in private mode. You can disable some telemetry data, but it is activated by default, and its closed-source nature leaves many people uncomfortable.
Safari browser
Safari is the default browser for macOS and iOS devices. Overall, Safari is not a horrible choice in terms of privacy and tracking protection – but it also cannot be recommended for a few reasons:
- Apple is a partner in the PRISM surveillance program
- Apple was caught “hoarding” Safari browsing history – even after it was deleted
- Apple was found to be collecting Safari history even when used in private mode
On a positive note, however, Apple does somewhat better with privacy than other large companies. The Safari browser blocks third-party cookies by default and also implements cross-site tracking protection.
Browser privacy and compartmentalization
One problem that often comes with browser privacy and security is that people want to remain logged in to various accounts, while also browsing the web. But this is problematic. When you stay logged in to Gmail or Facebook, for example, their trackers can record your activity as you browse the web.
One potential solution to this problem is browser compartmentalization. This is when you use different web browsers for different online activities. For example:
- Browser #1 will only be used for accessing your online accounts that require a password. You can stay logged in with only this browser, and it won't be used for general browsing.
- Browser #2 will only be used for web browsing, with various privacy configurations and no cookies or history being stored on the browser.
- Browser #3 could be completely locked down for maximum privacy and security.
You can also utilize different browsers, configured exactly the way you want, for various purposes, depending on your needs and threat model. The key is to keep the compartmentalization strict and not break the rules/uses for each browser.
Virtual machines — On the topic of compartmentalization, using virtual machines is also a good idea for both privacy and security. You can easily run Linux VMs through VirtualBox (FOSS) on your host computer.
Password managers
It should also be noted that storing your passwords in the browser may be risky depending on the browser you are using, especially since browsers may store passwords in cleartext. A better alternative would be to utilize a secure password manager.
Browser add-ons for security and privacy
In addition to adjusting the settings within your browser, there are also a number of different add-ons or extensions you can use to improve your browser's privacy and security.
Here are a few different options, but they may not all be supported by the browser you are using:
- uBlock Origin — This is one of the best browser-based ad blockers available that will also protect you against tracking.
- Cookie Autodelete — This will automatically delete cookies that are no longer needed from your browser.
- NoScript — NoScript allows you to customize exactly which scripts run on the websites you visit. Like uMatrix, this is for advanced users and requires lots of customization.
Warning: Be cautious about using third-party add-ons and browser extensions. There are many Chrome VPN extensions that are 100% free, but also very dangerous. Do your research first, since add-ons and extensions could function as spyware and collection tools for third parties. This is especially true with free VPN services or browser proxy add-ons from questionable sources.
“Private” or “Incognito” browsing mode is NOT private (and why you need a VPN)
Many assume “private” or “incognito” mode ensures privacy, but this is a misconception. It only prevents local storage of cookies, history, and passwords, not external tracking.Limitations of Private Mode
- ISP Visibility: Your internet provider can see all visited sites and may log/share data with authorities or third parties.
- IP Exposure: Your real IP and location remain visible to sites, ads, and trackers, enabling identification.
VPN Solutions
- Encrypted Traffic: A VPN encrypts your internet activity, hiding it from your ISP.
- IP Masking: Replaces your IP and location with the VPN server’s, enhancing anonymity.
- Geo-Restrictions: Accesses region-locked content (e.g., Netflix) from anywhere.
Our recommendation is simple: Use a reputable VPN service. Subscribe, install the app, connect to a server, and browse securely with enhanced privacy and access.
Below is a brief overview of the VPNs we recommend you consider for pairing with a secure browser.
- NordVPN: A fast, secure, audited VPN with advanced privacy features and a strict no-logs policy, based in Panama (with a 77% off coupon). See our NordVPN review here.
- Surfshark VPN: A no-logs VPN service with a large lineup of privacy and security features, based in The Netherlands. See the Surfshark VPN review.
- ExpressVPN – A fast, reliable, and secure VPN that also works well for streaming, but with above-average prices. See the ExpressVPN review for the pros and cons.
- Proton VPN — A secure and private VPN with a huge server network. See the Proton VPN review for more info.
Conclusion: Secure browsers and privacy in 2025
A well-configured secure browser is essential for safe web browsing, but selecting the best one depends on your needs. Pairing it with additional tools enhances protection.Key Considerations
- Browser Choice: Pick a browser (e.g., Brave, Firefox, Tor) that aligns with your privacy and usability preferences.
- VPN Integration: Use a reputable VPN to encrypt traffic and hide your IP address, ensuring anonymity. There are some VPNs that have built-in features to block ads and trackers. See our guide on VPN ad blocking for more info.
- Ad Blocker: Install a quality ad blocker (e.g., uBlock Origin) to stop tracking code in ads, preventing data collection by third-party networks.
Combine a privacy-focused browser with a VPN and ad blocker for optimal security and privacy tailored to your needs.
BEST TO AVOID ALL CHROMIUM BASED BROWSERS DUE TO MV3 PROTOCOS. FIREFOX ISN’T MUCH BETTER. IT WAS GREAT 10+ YEARS AGO NOW IT’S SLOW AND HEAVY WITH THE CONTINUOUS READS/WRITES.
What browser do you recommend as an alternaive?
In case anyone hasn’t heard, the Kiwi browser has been discontinued. What made Kiwi unique was that Chrome extensions could be used on it despite Kiwi being an exclusively mobile browser.
This is unfortunate, but Kiwi is another of many browsers (like Bromite) whose creators make browsers with the best of the intentions only to eventually close down their project.
https://www.androidauthority.com/kiwi-browser-shutting-down-3519510/
The good folks over at Privacy Guides discovered a while back that Mozilla’s Firefox mobile browser lacked site isolation process resulting in the group not recommending it. However, Mozilla rolled out Project Fission during April which is supposed to fix the site isolation issues. But (as near as I can tell) it is only available on Mozilla’s testing browser, Firefox Nightly, in which some users consider Nightly a mobile version of the Mullvad browser too.
All in all, I like Firefox mobile’s features and I hope this issue is resolved soon and a Firefox mobile fork that looks very promising is IronFox. However, until the browser’s issues are addressed, it might be best to use Brave. As with any product or service, if you still prefer Firefox mobile or use Firefox Nightly, I suggest proceeding with caution.
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1610822
https://gitlab.com/ironfox-oss/IronFox/-/releases/v134.0.1
This video dispels 10 common browser myths that could put a user’s online security at risk, while offering practical, effective tips. Regardless of the browser you use, this video reveals what browser features keep you safe and what falls short.
https://youtu.be/lRJjsw-NXKo?si=UPp7EWGUqR8wpx2J
Orion is a native, lightning-fast, and privacy-protecting browser for Apple users, open to the web and all its standards and protocols. It’s based on the WebKit open-source browser engine that also powers Apple’s Safari web browser. https://kagi.com/orion/
Ungoogled Chromium browser? The hyperlink above redirects the user to Github which is rarely user friendly when it comes to installation files. There, you must select the type of Chroimum browser. Below is what’s available when clicking on the above hyperlink:
-Arch: Available in the AUR, see instructions in ungoogled-chromium-archlinux
-Debian & Ubuntu: Available in OBS, find your distribution specific instructions in the Installing section
-Fedora: Available in COPR as wojnilowicz/ungoogled-chromium. Also available in RPM Fusion as chromium-browser-privacy (outdated).
-Gentoo: Available in ::pf4public overlay as ungoogled-chromium and ungoogled-chromium-bin ebuilds
-OpenMandriva includes ungoogled-chromium as its main browser. The chromium package includes all ungoogling patches.
What’s funny about recommending Edge? Sounds like you might be using Linux. Edge is probably the best now that Chrome is either removing adblockers or restricting their MV3 versions. Edge is now the “best” out of the box experience. No reasonable person will want to use Brave which is heavily promoting bitcoin. And Firefox? Anyone who suggests Firefox must be clearly out of their mind.
There is no recommendation for Edge. But, as you seem to allude to, when compared to Google it is the better of the two (but that isn’t saying much). Also, Brave isn’t promoting Bitcoin but has cryptocurrency as a feature that users can opt-out of. Firefox is very good for desk and laptops, but not so great for mobile.
Tor Browser has become a joke and effectively unusable now. Not only are its speeds slower than dial-up (they’re painfully slow) the bult-in bridges and even third-party bridges can’t seem to unblock many Western websites which are blocking Tor.
Hello, new person here looking for some suggestions on browsers for my old Win 7 laptop that I still use for some daily stuff. I have Waterfox browser as my default browser (works decent) and was also using Brave browser (was ok) which is no longer supported and it will not save my preferred settings anymore. I am looking for a good privacy Chromium browser to replace Brave. The reason I am after a Chromium browser is that it seems to work better when viewing videos and more Google friendly sometimes on certain web pages. Any suggestions would be appreciated. Btw, I used Brave and it is Ok, but its a privacy statements are load of crap. Thx
Edge.
Funny.
I suggest Falkon. It is built on the QtWebEngine, which is a wrapper for the Chromium browser core.
https://www.falkon.org/
There’s been some controversy in the privacy world regarding some changes to Mozilla’s Terms of Service related to Firefox and the data the browser can access. Thankfully, the situation is not as alarming as is being reported.
https://www.ghacks.net/2025/02/27/mozillas-new-terms-of-use-causes-confusion-among-firefox-users/
ZEN Browser ?
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_Browser]
It looks like a fork of Firefox and is open source so it should be alright. I suggest making sure its regularly updated. If the makers do not update it, then using it can compromise your privacy.
It’s strange that you recommend DuckDuckGo, which was caught allowing Microsoft trackers, but until recently Waterfox was in the “not necessarily recommended” section because System1 gained some share. Did you make the doubt more harmful than the proof? Well, Waterfox is back to being independent and the developer has always been the same. DDG would never have removed the trackers if he hadn’t been caught. And Gabriel Weinberg already had a history of selling user data on another service he owned in 2008. DuckDuckGo should never be on this list, under any circumstances. It’s a scam, a liar, and both its browser and search engine are untrustworthy. If I’m going to have my data sold anyway, I’ll use Chrome and Google for searches, because at least they work well.
“Caught allowing Microsoft Trackers”, they get their results from Bing… It’s a cookie not the end of the f*** world… Anyway, no more 3rd party cookies on Edge.
another good laugh. thanks dude.
https://brave.com/privacy-updates/31-procedural-filtering/
“Starting with version 1.73 on all platforms, Brave is significantly improving its adblocking capabilities by adding support for procedural cosmetic filtering of page elements. This means that Brave will block more ads, break fewer websites, and be more precise with blocking intrusive page elements.”
This is good news for people to use social media, and don’t want to see ads in the news feed.
[https://unixdigest.com/articles/choose-your-browser-carefully.html]
Good article, especially the real truth about Brave….The Brave browser is often recommended by people as a privacy-respecting alternative to both Firefox and Chrome, but this is a mistake. Brave is no better that the alternatives. People are being mislead by the empty promises of privacy. Brave not only also “phones home” but as soon as you fire up the browser it starts contacting Amazon
What has happened to this website, this asshat that keeps spamming about how great Brave Browser is, using several different names and the Admin of this site does nothing about it. This has been going on for over a year at least and it is very sad that they let this keep happening. I used to have great respect for this website but now I am wondering if they are in cahoots with Brave. By the way, Brave Browser is menial at best.
What has happened to website, this asshat that keeps spamming about how great Brave Browser using several different names and the Admin of this site does nothing about it. This has been going on for over a year at least and it is very pathetic that they let it happen. I use to have great respect for this website but now I am wondering if they are in cahoots with Brave. By the way Brave Browser is menial at best.
No, we get absolutely nothing recommending Brave. I’ll keep an eye out for spam, thanks for the feedback.
@Jake The only “asshat” on this website is you. (asshat …… whatever that means). How do you even know that user is the same guy? Which user are you talking about? It’s “spam” because you don’t agree ? That’s not how it works. It’s funny how you get so butt-hurt over other peoples comments. Maybe you should get off this page, if you can’t handle people’s opinions.
@Visitor, without a doubt, you are the Brave spammer and you continue to spread the BS about Brave browser and this site lets you. Brave browser is just another crap browser saying it is one of the only true privacy browser, which we all know is a load of shit.
Brave is no doubt, the best browser for privacy & security. They have a huge development team, and always keep Brave up to date. The privacy is unmatched because of the shields feature, that blocks all the trackers, ads, and fingerprinters.
It’s private by default, so you don’t have to waste 45 minutes “hardening it”, like you would with the browser that’s #2 on this list. (if it wasn’t for Google funding, browser #2 wouldn’t even exist anymore).
It’s about crypto by default. And the guy who founded it is to avoid…
On Edge by default, most websites have issues;.. Like 3rd parrty cookies, websites don’t like tem blocked… Too much ad-blocking and anti-trackers, 2 features you don’t have to push too far before you cannot visit any website (stallman.org will work…) On Android AdBlock Plus is integrated into Edge, but in an indenpendant way, it’s stated. Otherwise, Fiddler, wireshark, or Microsoft own tools will let you know exaclty who does what. No one bothers, bias and believes are easier than doing something, like cross checking.
It’s fantastic, the company sells 3 ads on MSN News orr Outlook if you’re not a paid subscriber; I only ever see iPhones, I will never ever buy an iPhone, I have an account since 1998, they might know. But they have never been into collecting data… it comes from nowhere, so it is not the reality; if one day I believe in what is not the reality… It’d be a medical issue.
And you cannot beat fingerprinting. The more peculiar you traffic is, the easiest.
Banks now are requiring you to use non secure browsers to log into one’s account. Or a newer cell phone. Just now having serious issues where I found [ with photo proof ] them data mining me and have with email told me I must use either Chrome or Edge if I wish to get into my account.On Brave it received 99+ hits inside the software being used by the bank.
Any account (banking, shopping, government, etc) that tries to dictate which browser I use to access them has just shot itself in the foot! I immediately close the offending account – after all there is no shortage of financial institutions and online shopping outlets in North America! This also applies to any account which tries to stop me using a VPN.
I WILL NOT use MS Edge or most other Microsoft products because of the company’s huge superiority complex – no, Microsoft, you do not know my needs and wants better than I do! And Google Chrome is not much better with its targeted advertising, but at least there are some reasonably secure “de-Googled” Chromium-based browsers
Agreed, except in my situation changing banks is difficult. Getting a new bank, all banks require info from your old bank and they transfer all your info including complaints as well. I have been turned down for asking if the fingerprint in their on-line-banking software. I have been turned down for asking about the software and what all they require. Classified me as an undesirable to do business with.
If allowed to post here please note;
[https://www.consumerreports.org/money/banks-credit-unions/the-big-problem-with-online-banks-customer-service-a5640545842/]
Banks where consumers can walk in and interact with human employees have long been thought to offer better customer service than online-only competitors which rely on non-human technology. But now, even banks with physical branches seem to be falling short on customer service, according to the CFPB, consumer advocates, and numerous customer complaints.
At the heart of the issue is a deepening reliance on technology by brick-and-mortar banks. Their algorithms monitor customers’ digital profiles and online activity in order to better market banking products, resolve financial issues, and evaluate their clients’ needs. In-person service (known as “relationship banking”), which has traditionally been how banks do business, is now only widely available to the wealthiest clients, says CFPB director Rohit Chopra.
“At this point in the United States, ‘relationship banking’ is geared toward high-net-worth individuals who typically enjoy a wide range of banking services, often through local, regional, and national private wealth managers. For most households and small businesses, this kind of relationship banking is becoming harder to find,
“Banking is becoming increasingly digitized, which is causing a number of challenges for consumers who prefer in-person banking,” says Syed Ejaz, a Consumer Reports financial policy analyst. “The COVID-19 pandemic has only accelerated this as many banks shut down their retail locations, leaving consumers with no option but to bank online or over the phone,”
Hi,
Well considered points of view above…
My view, if interested, is the browser segmentation approach discussed in the article.
Maybe pick a browser e.g. Firefox, don’t modify it much, and do banking etc on it.
Then use other browsers for other activities.
I do believe there was an article on Restore Privacy that discussed privacy for financial transactions (in person and digital) more specifically.
And I do note that jurisdiction can be difficult on this matter.
Good luck!
Brave does the trick when tested with the “cover your track” test as well as Mullvad does (when it comes to Mullvad it says “Yes” about fingerprinting protection).
I had Firefox set up for privacy and it worked just fine until a few days ago when the protection against fingerprinting was kinda gone…what could have happened?
Thank you and keep up the great work you do.
Marvin
I’d be interested to know what your thoughts are on SRWare Iron (another possible option in the “ungoogled chromium” space?):
https://www.srware.net/iron/
Brave browser is the ONLY browser on this list that passes the “cover your tracks” test, with a randomized fingerprint.
Therefore, it IS the best browser for privacy, and the only browser I trust.
My Firefox passed too. (with mine tweeking)
Hi Alex and Community,
I have hearing about creating FF Profiles as a privacy solution .
Could FF Profiles be considered equivalent to using distinctly different browsers for a browser segmentation approach?
Regards,
Not quite because user agent is still the same Firefox (Gecko) compared to Chrome/Chromium (Blink) and Safari (WebKit).
Hi Alex
I use Firefox in desktop following your guide.
In android mobile, you’ve told “I also like using standard Firefox on mobile devices with customization and configurations for more privacy.”
My quarry is as about:config not available in android stable release, and beta/nightly version not safe enough, what is your customization and configuration advice?
Regards.
Where did restore privacy.com disappear too?
This site is where your redirected too. Why?
https://cyberinsider.com/restoreprivacy-com-merges-with-cyberinsider-com/
Hi Alex
It feels good with new collaboration.
What is your opinion on Cromite browser?
Hi shr, I have not looked into it yet. But if good, we can include it here.
Thanks, here the link https://github.com/uazo/cromite